Computer Fundamental, Generation of Computer:

 Generation of Computer:

1. FIRST GENERATION (1945-1956)

Technology – Vacuum Tube

Speed – Millisecond

Language – Machine Language

Memory – Primary (Magnetic core memory), secondary (Magnetic drum, Magnetic tape)

Input – Punched card

Output – Paper

Example: Harvard Mark 1, Whirlwind, ENIAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC I, UNIVAC II, UNIVAC 1101, RCA BIZMAC, NCR CRC 102A, NCR CRC 102 D, HONEYWELL DATAMATIC 1000, IBM (604,650,701,702,704,705,709).

2. SECOND GENERATION (1956-1965)

Technology – Transistor

Speed – Microsecond

Language – Assembly language

Memory – Primary (Magnetic core), Secondary (Magnetic drum)

Input – Punched card

Output – Paper

Example: IBM 1401, IBM1400, IBM1794, IBM 1620, IBM 7094, CDC 164, CDC 1604, CDC 3600, UNIVAC 1108, LEO MARK III, RCA 501

3. THIRD GENERATION (1966-1975)

Technology – Integrated Circuit (IC), LSI

Speed – Nanosecond

Language – HLL (High Level Language), like FORTAN, COBOL, PASCAL, C, C++ etc.

Memory – Primary (Semiconductor memory), Secondary (Magnetic tape, Magnetic disk, like floppy disk, hard disk)

Input – Keyboard

Output – Monitor

Example: IBM SYSTEM (360, 3, 7, 370, 108), UNIVAC 900, ICL 9000 SERIES, HONEYWELL 200, PDP-8, MINICOMPUTER, TDC 316.

4. FOURTH GENERATION (1975 – PRESENT)

Technology – VLSI, Microprocessor

Speed – Pico second

Language – HLL, problem oriented language

Memory – Primary (semi- conductor memory), Secondary (Magnetic tape, Magnetic disk, Optical memory, CD/DVD, Flash memory (pen drive, memory card)

Input – Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, digitizers

Output – Monitor, Plotter, Printer

Example: IBM System 370, HP-3000, AMD Athelon, Pentium, PDP 11, Accer, Dell, Samsung, IBM desktop PC, Mac book.

5. FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS (PRESENT – FUTURE)

Technology – AI (artificial intelligence), Bio chips, organic chips

It is called future generation.

Parallel processing/voice/ data integration.

Voice recognition system.

Neural network/Natural language can understand used.

Prolog programming language used.

Large storage capacity.

Multi point input/output system.