Wednesday, March 10, 2021

Computer Fundamental, History of computer

 History: 

1. 3000 BC – Abacus – Chinese people – China – Earliest counting and calculating device (First mechanical calculating device).

2. 1617AD – Napier’s bones – John Napier – The invention was used for multiplying, dividing, and taking square roots and cube roots with Napier’s bones were multiplication tables written on strips of wood or bones.

3. 1622 – Slide rule – William Oughtred – The slide rule also known as mechanical analog computer.

4. 1642 – Pascaline – Blaise Pascal – invented a mechanical calculator add and sub.

5. 1673 – Leibniz’s calculator – Wilhelm Von Leibniz – improved version of Pascal calculator add, sub, multiply, divide and roots.

6. 1801- Punch card- Joseph Marie Jacquard – invents a mechanical loom.

7. 1821 - Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar - first commercially successful digital mechanical calculator – Arithmometer.

8. 1822 – Difference Engines – Charles Babbage – Father of computer.

9. 1837 – Analytical Engine – Charles Babbage.

10. 1840 – Boolean algebra – George Boole.

11. 1843 – Machine algorithm – Ada Lovelace – First computer programmer.

12. 1890 – Tabulating Machine – Hermann Hollerith – invented the tabulating machine an electrical device, used punch card.

13. 1904 – Fleming Valve or vacuum tube diode – John Ambrose Fleming.

14. 1906 – Triode – Lee de forest.

15. 1927 – Analog Computer – Vannevar Bush and his 2 colleagues.

16. 1936 – German engineer – Konrad Zuse – Z1 computer – first freely programmable computer. 

17. 1942 – Electronic digital computer (ABC) – John Atanasoff & Berry – first electronic special purpose digital computer ABC started being developed by Atansoff and Cliff berry in 1937-1942.

18. 1943 – Colossus – Tommy Flowers & Allen Coombs.

19. 1944 – Harvard Mark I – Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper.

20. 1946 – ENIAC – John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert.

21. 1947 – Transistor – William Shockely, John Bardeen & Walter Brattain.

22. 1949 – Magnetic core – Wang – Magnetic core memory.

23. 1949 – EDSAC – Maurice Wilkes – first stored program computer was built.

24. 1951 – UNIVAC 1 – J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly – first commercial computer in the US.

25. 1956 – Hard disk – IBM team led by Reynolds Johnson – father of disk drive – used in IBM 305 computers.

26. 1957 – PC – IBM (John Lentz) – the first PC was built IBM-610 for office use.

27. 1958 – Integrated circuit (IC) – Jack St. Clair Kilby & Robert Noyce – commercially available since 1961.

28. 1964 – Mouse and Windows – Douglas engelbart – developed the GUI and pointing device.

29. Compact Disk – James Russell.

30. 1965 – Minicomputer – Kenneth H. Olsen – first minicomputer 12-bit PDP-8.

31. 1970 – Bubble memory – Andrew Bobeck.

32. 1971 - Floppy disk - IBM engineers led by Alen Shugart - first 8-inch floppy disk was used in IBM 3330 computer.

33. 1971 - Intel 4004 - Intel (Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff, and Stan Mazor) - first single chip 4-bit microprocessor.

34. 1973 - Intel 8008 - Intel - first commercial assembly computer.

35. 1975 - Microcomputer - Ed Roberts - father of microcomputer.

36. 1975 - Microsoft - Bill Gates and Allen - manufacture of computer software and hardware.

37. 1976 - Seymour Cray - Cray 1 - first super computer.

38. 1979 - Laptop - William Moggridge - England.

39. 1981 - DOS - Microsoft - MSDOS operating system - IBM PC - Intel - 8088 microprocessor.

40. 1985 - MS Windows - Microsoft - first GUI for IBM Computer.

41. 2009 - Microsoft - Windows 7.

42. 2011 - Google - Google chrome OS.

43. 2015 - Microsoft - Windows 10.

History of computer in Nepal

1. 2018 BS FACIT - used for census.

2. 2028 BS - IBM 1401 - second generation mainframe computer used for census.

3. 2031 BS - NCC established.

4. 2038 BS - ICL 2950/10 second generation mainframe computer used for census.


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